The GS01 is a wireless infrared gas transmitter for continuous monitoring of flammable hydrocarbon gases and vapours in the oil and gas industry. The intrinsically safe and SIL-rated transmitter features completely wireless signal transmission and power supply. This makes the GS01 a flexible and cost efficient solution for plant expansions, upgrades, and new greenfield projects.
• Installations in demanding conditions
• Saving time and money throughout the project
• Saving time and money during operation
• Safe, wireless communication
For continuous monitoring of flammable hydrocarbon gases and vapours in the oil and gas industry. The intrinsically safe and SIL-rated transmitter features completely wireless signal transmission and power supply. This makes the GS01 a flexible and cost efficient solution for plant expansions, upgrades, and new greenfield projects. GS01 wireless transmitter requires no cable installation, either for signal transmission or for its power supply. As such, installation is easy and uncomplicated and the transmitter sends its signal to the access point up to 500 metres away. No cable conduits are required for the power supply or for signal transmission. Plus, the GS01-EA product variant with separate antenna can be installed inside machines or buildings where signal transmission is impossible due to shielding. For temporary applications, such as maintenance work on petrochemical plants or exploratory drilling, the GS01 offers you maximum flexibility.
Measuring principle
Infrared single beam, triple wavelength
Detectable gases
0 to 100 % LEL (Methane) : 0 to 80 % LEL (Propane)
Calibration
Factory-set, no field calibration
Response time
≤ 5 seconds
Accuracy
± 3 % LEL or ± 10 % of measured value, each the higher value (refers to Methane)
Zero-point stability
± 3 % LEL (lifelong)
Battery type
Lithium-Thionyl Chloride
Battery lifetime
Up to 2 years (depending on the environmental conditions)
RF power
GS01: < 12 dBm EIRP
GS01-EA: < 16 dBm EIRP
Communication
Type IEEE802.15.4 in 2.4 GHz ISM Band
Protocol ISA100 Wireless™
Gateway output Standard: Modbus TCP/RTU, OPC _ Optional: PROFINET® (SIL2)
Operating temperature
-30 °C to +55 °C (if higher temperature ranges up to +65 °C are required please contact Dräger)
Storage temperature
-40 °C to +65 °C
Humidity
0 to 100 % RH
Protection Class
IP66 and IP67
Dimensions
300 x 110 x 170 mm
Weight
2.8 kg (incl. Battery)
Mounting
With bracket for 8 mm or 5/16″ bolts
Approvals
ATEX / IECEx, FM, Performance Approval Compliant with EN 60079-29-1, Safety Integrity Level SIL2 IEC 61508, Ed.2.0
The transmitter Draeger PEX 3000 detects flammable gases and vapours in concentrations below their lower explosive limit (100 %LEL). It increases the explosion protection of your plant. Its catalytic bead sensor provides a long-term stable measuring signal and responds to gas within a few seconds.
• Six variants of transmitters
• Simple installation
• One-man Calibration
• Explosion Protection
• Low gas concentrations
• The catalytic bead sensor
• Oil refineries/mining/OnShore/Off Shore /Tank Farms/Water treatment plants
• Continous monitoring of Hydrocarbon , Hydrogen Flammable Gases using Catalytic technology without Display or any indication
• Normal measurment possible with 4-20mA
• Hazardous area Application (zone 1,Zone2)
• Continous monitoring of Hygrogen in battery rooms
Measuring range
Typ XTR 0000, XTR 0001 0 to 99 %LEL
Typ XTR 0010, XTR 0011 0 to 9.9 %LEL
Typ XTR 0090, XTR 0091 with measuring head SE Ex PR / HT DQ 0 to 99 %LEL
Typ XTR 0090, XTR 0091 with measuring head SE Ex LC DQ 0 to 9.9 %LEL
Power supply
12 to 30 V d.c. (nominal 24 V d.c.), max. 110 mA at 24 V
max. cable length (at 24 V, 250 Ohms)
2,400 m at 3 x 1.5 mm2, 1,600 m at 3 x 1.0 mm2, 1,200 m at 3 x 0.75 mm2
Signal output
Normal operation – 4 to 20 mA
Maintenance – 3.4 mA
Fault condition – < 1.2 mA
Response time (at 25 °C, methane)
t50: 3 … 5 s to t90: 8 … 10 s
Temperature
-40 to +65 °C (see below)
Pressure
700 to 1,300 hPa
Humidity
5 to 95 % r. H.
Enclosure material
glass fiber reinforced polyester (GRP)
Enclosure protection
IP 66
Dimensions (W x H x D)
ca. 80 x 145 x 55 mm
Weight
ca. 600 g (Typ XTR 0090, XTR 0091: ca. 450 g)
Expected sensor lifetime
typical > 3 years
Performance approval
acc. to EN 60079-29-1 for the a.m. gases and vapours (100 %LEL variants only)
The Draeger PIR 7200 is an explosion proof point infrared gas detector for continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide. Designed for the industrial use, the transmitter offers drift-free optics. And due to its robust product design the PIR 7200 can be operated even in harsh environments.
• Advanced signal stability
• Fast response
• Multiple configuration capabilities
• Maximum reliability – SIL 2 certified
• Oil refineries/mining/OnShore/Off Shore /Tank Farms/Water treatment plants
• Continous monitoring of Hydrocarbon Flammable Gases using IR technology with LED indication
• Measuement Inside the Duct, Remote applications
• Hazardous area Application (zone 1,Zone2)
Type
Explosion proof gas transmitter with infrared sensor technology
Carbon dioxide (CO2), 0 to 10 % vol. (default), 0 to 2,000 ppm … 30 % vol. (configurable)
Measuring performance (carbon dioxide, 0 to 10 % vol.)
Digital resolution – 0.02 % vol.
Repeatability – ≤ ±0.1 % vol.
Response time t0..90 – ≤ 4 seconds (“normal response”), < 1 second (“fast response”)
Electrical data
Output signals – 4 to 20 mA, HART
Fault signal – ≤ 1.2 mA (configurable)
Beam block warning signa – 2 mA (configurable)
Maintenance signal – 3 mA (configurable)
Power supply – 13 to 30 V DC, 3-wire
Power consumption – 5.6 W (typical)
Ambient conditions
Temperature – -40 to +-77 °C / -40 to +170 °F(operating), -40 to +-85 °C / -40 to +180 °F (storage)
Humidity – 0 to 100 %RH
Pressure – 700 to 1,300 hPa / 23.6 to 32.5 inch Hg
Enclosure
Material – Stainless steel SS 316 L
Connecting thread – M25 or ¾‘‘ NPT
Weight – 2.2 kg (without accessories)
Dimensions – 160 mm × Ø 89 mm / 6.3 ‚‘ × Ø 3.5 ‚
Ingress protection – IP66 and IP67, NEMA 4X
The Dräger PointGard 2100 is a self-contained gas detection system for the continuous area monitoring of toxic gases in ambient air. PointGard 2100’s rugged, water-resistant housing comes complete with a horn and strobes, a built-in power supply, and reliable DrägerSensor®.
• Ready to use out of the box
• Detect over 100 toxic gases using DrägerSensors
• Flexible communications
• Rugged and compact housing
• Advanced display with diagnostics
• Monitor remote areas up to 30 meters away
For the continuous area monitoring of toxic gases in ambient air. PointGard 2100’s rugged, water-resistant housing comes complete with a horn and strobes, a built-in power supply, and reliable DrägerSensor®. Just mount it on a wall and hard wire it to an AC/DC power or plug in the optional AC power cord. Since the strobes and horn are built in, there is no need to specify and purchase separate alarm output devices. The pre-calibrated sensor is ready to use.
Dräger PointGard 2100 EC
Toxic gases and oxygen in ambient air
Type
Self-contained gas monitor with alarm devices for general-purpose applications
Measuring ranges
Electrochemical (EC) sensor
LCD display
75 mm/3″ backlit graphic LC display
Indicators
3 status LEDs (green/yellow/red)
Operation
Through three front mounted push buttons
Security
Separate passwords for maintenance and configuration menu
Functions
Event and data logger with a capacity of up to 35,000 records, Warning and error messages displayed in plain text
Signal output analog
Normal operation – 4–20 mA
Power supply AC version
Operating voltage : 100–240 VAC 50–60 Hz
Power supply DC version
Operating voltage : 8–30 VDC
Electrical certification
CE rating, IEC/EN 61010-1
Alarm devices
Variants with amber and red LED strobes activate on 2 alarm levels independently
Temperature
Storage : -20 to +65 °C/-4 to +149 °F
Operation : -20 to +50 °C/-4 to +122 °F
Humidity : 0 to 95% r. h., noncondensing
Pressure : 20.7 to 38.4″ Hg/700 to 1,300 hPa
Material
Glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP)
Mounting
Wall mount with internal screws or optional SS mounting brackets
The Dräger PointGard 2200 series is a self-contained gas detection system for the continuous area monitoring of flammable gases and vapours in ambient air. PointGard 2200’s rugged, water-resistant housing comes complete with a horn and strobes, a built-in power supply, and reliable DrägerSensor®.
• Ready to use out of the box
• Fast and stable flammable gas detection
• Flexible communications
• Rugged and compact housing
• Rugged and compact housing
• Monitor remote areas up to 30meter (98ft) away
For the continuous area monitoring of flammable gases and vapours in ambient air. PointGard 2200’s rugged, water-resistant housing comes complete with a horn and strobes, a built-in power supply, and reliable DrägerSensor®. Just mount it on a wall and hard wire it to an AC/DC power or plug in the optional AC power cord. Since the strobes and horn are built in, there is no need to specify and purchase separate alarm output devices.
Dräger PointGard 2200 CAT Ex
Flammable gases in ambient air
Type
Self-contained gas monitor with alarm devices for general-purpose applications
Measuring Range
Catalytic bead (CAT Ex) sensor 0–100% LEL
LCD display
75 mm/3″ backlit graphic LC display
Selectable red or green illumination, alphanumeric
Indicators
3 status LEDs (green/yellow/red)
Operation
Through three front mounted push buttons
Security
Separate passwords for maintenance and configuration menu
Signal output analog
Normal operation 4–20 mA
Maintenance Constant 3.4 mA or 4 mA ±1 mA 1 Hz modulation (adjustable)
Power supply AC version
Operating voltage 100–240 VAC 50–60 Hz
Nominal power 6 W
Operating current (max) 0.5 A
Inrush current Max. 40 A at 230 VAC 50 Hz
Power supply DC version
Operating voltage 8–30 VDC
Nominal power 6 W
Operating current (max) 2.5 A
Electrical certification
CE rating, IEC/EN 61010-1
Complies with UL 61010-1
Class B device, residential use compliant with ICES-3(B)/ NMB-3(B)
Relay specification
2 alarm relays and 1 fault relay
SPDT contact 5 A @ 230 VAC, 5 A @ 30 VDC, resistance bound
Alarm reset through front-mounted push button
Alarm devices
Variants with amber and red LED strobes activate on 2 alarm levels independently
Variants with green steady light activate red strobe on 1 common alarm level. Green steady light turns off during alarm or fault condition; optional blue LED strobe
85-105 dB adjustable-volume buzzer with continuous and pulsating tone
Temperature (storage)
-20 to +65 °C/-4 to +149 °F
Temperature (operation)
-20 to +50 °C/-4 to +122 °F
Humidity
0 to 95% r. h., noncondensing
Pressure
20.7 to 38.4″ Hg/700 to 1,300 hPa
Material
Glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP)
Mounting
Wall mount with internal screws or optional SS mounting brackets
The Draeger Polytron 3000 is an intrinsically safe gas detector for the continuous monitoring of more than 60 toxic gases and oxygen in ambient air. It is the part of a new generation of gas detectors developed on a modular platform. Communication to the central control system is done via a 4 to 20 mA signal.
• Simple, quick installation
• Wide range of applications
• Easy to operate and maintain
• Explosion Protection
• Oil refineries/mining/OnShore/Off Shore
• Normal measurment possible with 4-20mA
• Instrensicaly Safe installation
• Contionous monitoring of Oxygen,H2S, Confined Space Installation to monitor
Gases and Ranges
Toxic gases and oxygen in various ranges
Output
Analog – 4 to 20 mA
Maintenance signal – 3.4 mA constant
Fault signal – < 3.2 mA
Power Supply
12 to 30 VDC, 2-wire
Ambient Conditions
Temperature – – 40 to + 65 °C / – 40 to + 150 °F
Pressure – 700 to 1300 mbar / 20.7 to 38.4 inch Hg
Humidity – 0 to 100 %RH, non condensing
Enclosure
IP 66 / 67, NEMA 4, GRP housing, M20 cable gland
Dimensions (approx.)
166 x 135 x 129 mm / 6.54″ x 5.32″ x 5.08″ (H x W x D)
The Draeger Polytron 5100 EC is a cost-effective explosion-proof transmitter for the detection of toxic gases or oxygen. It uses a high performance plug-and-play electrochemical DraegerSensor to detect a specific gas. A 2 or 3-wire with 4 to 20 mA output with relays make it compatible with most control systems.
• Durable, intelligent and sensitive – the DraegerSensor
• Same design, same operating principle
• Three relays for controlling external equipment
• Safe, robust housing for every application
• Make the impossible possible with remote sensor
• Oil refineries/mining/OnShore/Off Shore /Water treatment Plant
• Normal measurment possible with 4-20mA , Hart and optional Relay
• Measuement of Toxic Gases inside the Duct ( Remote installation up to 30 meters Available)
• Hazardous area Application (zone 1,Zone2)
• Contionous monitoring of Oxygen,H2S, Confined Space Installation to monitor
• Remote installation with relay options.
Type
Explosion-proof / flameproof enclosed transmitter (“d”) or combined with increased safety (“d/e”)
Gases
Toxic gases and oxygen depending on the sensor used
Measuring ranges
For customised adjustment, see sensor data sheet
Display
Backlit 4 digit LCD; 3 Status LEDs (green/yellow/red)
Electrical data
Signal output analog – Normal operation 4 to 20 mA : Fault < 1.2 mA, 3-wire < 3 mA, 2-wire
Power supply – 10 to 30 V DC, 3-wire : 18 to 30 V DC, 2-wire
Relay specification (option) – 2 alarm relays and 1 fault relay, SPDT 5 A @ 230 VAC,5 A @ 30 VDC,resistance-bound
Environmental conditions (see sensor data sheet)
Temperature – -40 to 65 °C (-40 to 149 °F) without relay : -40 to 65 °C (-40 to 149 °F) with relay
Pressure – 20.7 to 38.4 inches Hg / 700 to 1,300 mbar
Humidity – 0 to 100 % RH, non-condensing
Transmitter housing
900 g / 2 lbsEpoxy coated copper-free aluminum or stainless steel SS316 L
Sensor housing
Polyamide
Enclosure protection type
NEMA 4X & 7, IP65/66/67
Cable entry point
Two 3/4″ NPT port or M20 cable gland
Dimensions (H x W x D)
w/o docking station – 11.0″ x 5.9″ x 5.1″ / 280 x 150 x 130 mm
Approx. weight
Aluminium w/o docking station – 6.6 lbs / 3.0 kg
SS316 L w/o docking station – 11.0 lbs / 5.0 kg
Aluminium w/ docking station – 9.9 lbs / 4.5 kg
SS316 L w/ docking station – 14.3 lbs / 6.5 kg
The Draeger Polytron 5200 CAT is a cost effective explosion proof transmitter for the detection of flammable gases in the lower explosion limit (LEL). It uses a catalytic bead DraegerSensor Ex … DD, which will detect most flammable gases and vapors. A 3 wire 4 to 20 mA analog output with relays makes it compatible with most control systems.
• Fast and stable – the DrägerSensor® Ex
• Same design, same operating principles
• Three relays for controlling external equipment
• Safe, robust housing for every application
• Make the impossible possible with the remote sensor
• Oil refineries/mining/OnShore/Off Shore /Water treatment Plant
• Continous monitoring of Hydrocarbon , Hydrogen Flammable Gases using Catalytic technology
• Measuement of Flammable inside the Duct upto 150degc ( Remote installation up to 30 meters Available)
• Hazardous area Application (zone 1,Zone2)
• Continous monitoring of Hygrogen in battery rooms
Type
Explosion-proof / flameproof enclosed transmitter (“d”) or combined with increased safety (“d/e”)
Gases
flammable gases and vapours
Measuring ranges
DQ 0 to 100 % LEL , LC 0 to 10 % LEL
Display
Backlit 4 digit LCD; 3 Status LEDs (green/yellow/red)
Accuracy/repeatability
≤ 1 % LEL
Response time
< 7 seconds to < 13 seconds
Signal output analogue
4 to 20-mA
Power supply
10 to 30 V DC, 3-wire
Temperature
-40 to 80 °C (-40 to 176 °F)
Pressure
20.7 to 38.4 inch Hg / 700 to 1,300 mbar
Humidity
0 to 100 % RH, non-condensing
Transmitter housing
Epoxy coated copper-free aluminum or SS316 L stainless steel
The Dräger Polytron® 5310 IR is a cost effective explosion proof transmitter for the detection of flammable gases in the lower explosion limit (LEL). It uses an infrared DrägerSensor® IR that can be configured for methane, propane, or ethylene. A 3 wire 4 to 20 mA analog output with relays makes it compatible with most control systems.
• Poison-resistant and fail-safe – the DrägerSensor IR
• Same design, same operating principle
• Three relays for controlling external equipment
• Safe, robust housing for every application
• Make the impossible possible with the remote sensor
For the detection of flammable gases in the lower explosion limit (LEL). It uses an infrared DrägerSensor® IR that can be configured for methane, propane, or ethylene. A 3 wire 4 to 20 mA analog output with relays makes it compatible with most control systems. It is poison-resistant against chemicals that can shorten a catalytic bead pellistor’s life. Long life optics result in lower maintenance costs compared to pellistors. IR technology is inherently fail-safe, meaning no unrevealed failures.
Type
Explosion proof / flameproof enclosed transmitter (“d”) or combined with increased safety (“d/e”)
Gases
Flammable gases and vapours
Measuring range
0 to 100% LEL
Display
Backlit 4 digit LCD; 3 Status LEDs (green/yellow/red)
Sensitivity
≤± 2 % LEL
Response time
T90 30 seconds (with splash guard)
Signal output analogue
Normal operation 4 to 20-mA
Maintenance Constant 3.4-mA or 4-mA ±1 mA 1 Hz modulation; (adjustable)
Power supply
10 to 30 V DC, 3-wire
Relay specification (optional)
2 alarm relays and 1 fault relay, single-pole two-way contact 5 A @ 230 VAC, 5 A @ 30 VDC, resistance-bound
Temperature
-40 to 65 °C (-40 to 149 °F) without relay
-40 to 65 °C (-40 to 149 °F) with relay
Pressure
20.7 to 38.4 inch Hg / 700 to 1,300 mbar
Humidity
0 to 100 % r. h., non-condensing
Transmitter housing
Epoxy coated copper-free aluminum or stainless steel SS316 L
Enclosure protection type
NEMA 4X & 7, IP65/66/67
Cable entry point
3/4 NPT threads or M20 cable gland
Dimensions (H x W x D), approx.
w/o docking station 11.0″ x 5.9″ x 5.1″ / 280 x 150 x 130 mm
w/ docking station 11.0″ x 7.1″ x 7.5″ / 280 x 180 x 190 mm
Weight, approx.
Aluminium w/o docking station 4.9 lbs / 2.2 kg
SS316 L w/o docking station 8.8 lbs / 4.0 kg
The Dräger Polytron® 5700 IR is a cost effective explosion proof transmitter for the detection of flammable gases in the lower explosion limit (LEL). It uses a high performance infrared Dräger PIR 7000 sensor, which will quickly detect most common hydrocarbon gases. A 3 wire 4 to 20 mA analog output with optional relays makes it compatible with most control systems.
• Efficient, stable and robust – the Dräger PIR 7000
• Choose a target gas with the smart gas library
• Same design, same operating principle
• Three relays for controlling external equipment
• Safe, robust housing for every application
• Make the impossible possible with the remote sensor
For the detection of flammable gases in the lower explosion limit (LEL). It uses a high performance infrared Dräger PIR 7000 sensor, which will quickly detect most common hydrocarbon gases. A 3 wire 4 to 20 mA analog output with optional relays makes it compatible with most control systems. With its stainless steel SS 316L enclosure and drift-free optics, the Dräger PIR 7000 is built to withstand the harshest industrial environments, offshore installations.
Type
Explosion-proof / flameproof enclosed transmitter (“d”) or combined with increased safety (“d/e”)
Gases
Flammable gases and vapours
Measuring ranges
0 to 20 … 100 % LEL
Display
Backlit 4 digit LCD; 3 Status LEDs (green/yellow/red)
Signal output analogue
Normal operation 4 to 20-mA
Power supply
10 to 30 V DC, 3-wire
Temperature
-40 to 77 °C (-40 to 170 °F) without relay
-40 to 70 °C (-40 to 158 °F) with relay
Transmitter housing
Epoxy coated copper-free aluminum or stainless steel SS316 L
Enclosure protection type
NEMA 4X & 7, IP65/66/67
Dimensions (H x W x D), approx.
w/o docking station 11.0” x 5.9” x 5.1” / 280 x 150 x 130 mm
w/ docking station 11.0” x 7.1” x 7.5” / 280 x 180 x 190 mm
Weight, approx.
Aluminium w/o docking station 8.6 lbs / 3.9 kg
SS316 L w/o docking station 12.6lbs / 5.7 kg
The Dräger Polytron 6100 EC WL is a wireless transmitter for continuous monitoring of toxic gases and oxygen. The instrinsically safe and SIL2-rated transmitter features completely wireless signal transmission and power supply. The internal battery pack allows the transmitter to operate continually for up to 24 month. This makes the Polytron a flexible and cost efficient solution for plant expansions, upgrades or new installations.
• Wireless reduces your efforts
• Choose your radio standard: ISA100 or WirelessHART
• No compromises with the proven Dräger sensor technology
• Access to the transmitter via Bluetooth
• Cost-effective in maintenance
• External power supply possible
• Transmission of signals even over long distances
Transmitter for continuous monitoring of toxic gases and oxygen. The instrinsically safe and SIL2-rated transmitter features completely wireless signal transmission and power supply. The internal battery pack allows the transmitter to operate continually for up to 24 month. This makes the Polytron a flexible and cost efficient solution for plant expansions, upgrades or new installations. The Polytron 6100 EC WL is also well applied in the plant areas, which require mobile solutions, are difficult to reach or do not provide any infrastructure. Wireless detection reduces your planning effort required whilst retaining the same safety levels provided by a wired transmitter.
Gases and measuring range
Toxic gases and Oxigen, see sensor data sheet. All DrägerSensors are supported.
Housing material
Stainless steel 316
Protection class
IP66/67
Dimensions
320 x 150 x 170 mm (with 2dBi aerial)
Weight transmitter
Ca. 3.2 kg (7.0 lb)
Weight battery pack
Ca. 0.5 kg (1.1 lb)
Battery type
Lithium thionyl chloride (Battery pack with 4 D cells)
Battery life time
Depending on operating conditions; max. 24 months
Wired power supply
2-wire shielded cable, 24-12 AWG / 0,2 – 2,5 mm²
Operating voltage
14 to 30 V
Temperature
-40 to +65 °C (-40 to +149 °F)
Pressure
700 to 1,300 hPa (20.7 to 38.4 in Hg)
Humidity
0 to 100 % r.h., non-condensing
Communication
Bluetooth® (for operation and service purposes) Range 15 m
Measured value transmission (process interface), protocol ISA100 WirelessTM oder WirelessHART®
Type IEEE802.15.4 in 2.4 GHz-ISM-Band
Range 500 m in free area
The Draeger Polytron 7000 is a gas detector that can satisfy all toxic and oxygen gas measurement applications on a single platform. It is meeting the requirements of the compliance market as well as the high specification requirements of customized solutions.
• Water Treatement Plants
• Continous monitoring of H2S using Pump module.
• Measuement of Toxic Gases inside the Duct ( Remote installation up to 30 meters Available)
• Oil refineries/mining/OnShore/Off Shore
• Instrensicaly Safe installation
• Remote installation with relay options.
• Contionous monitoring of Oxygen,H2S, Confined Space Installation to monitor
Type
Intrinsically safe transmitter for electrochemical sensors
Gases and Ranges
Toxic gases and oxygen
Display
Large graphic display, 34 x 62 mm, 64 x 128 pixel 1.3“ x 2.4“
Display
Backlit 4 digit LCD; 3 Status LEDs (green/yellow/red)
Output
Analog – 4 to 20 mA
Digital – HART, LONWORKS, PROFIBUS PA, FOUNDATION fieldbus
Warning signal – default: warning signal every 10s for 1s
Maintenance signal – 3.4 mA constant or 4 mA ± 1 mA,1 Hz modulation
Fault signal – < 3.2 mA